SQL ISNULL(), NVL(), IFNULL() and COALESCE() Functions

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# SQL NULL Functions

## SQL ISNULL(), NVL(), IFNULL() and COALESCE() Functions

Look at the following "Products" table:

P_Id | ProductName | UnitPrice | UnitsInStock | UnitsOnOrder
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Jarlsberg | 10.45 | 16 | 15
2 | Mascarpone | 32.56 | 23 |
3 | Gorgonzola | 15.67 | 9 | 20

Suppose that the "UnitsOnOrder" column is optional, and may contain NULL values.

We have the following SELECT statement:

    SELECT ProductName,UnitPrice*(UnitsInStock+UnitsOnOrder)
    FROM Products

In the example above, if any of the "UnitsOnOrder" values are NULL, the result is NULL.

Microsoft's ISNULL() function is used to specify how we want to treat NULL values.

The NVL(), IFNULL(), and COALESCE() functions can also be used to achieve the same result.

In this case we want NULL values to be zero.

Below, if "UnitsOnOrder" is NULL it will not harm the calculation, because ISNULL() returns a zero if the value is NULL:

SQL Server / MS Access

    SELECT ProductName,UnitPrice*(UnitsInStock+ISNULL(UnitsOnOrder,0))
    FROM Products

Oracle

Oracle does not have an ISNULL() function. However, we can use the NVL() function to achieve the same result:

    SELECT ProductName,UnitPrice*(UnitsInStock+NVL(UnitsOnOrder,0))
    FROM Products

MySQL

MySQL does have an ISNULL() function. However, it works a little bit different from Microsoft's ISNULL() function.

In MySQL we can use the IFNULL() function, like this:

    SELECT ProductName,UnitPrice*(UnitsInStock+IFNULL(UnitsOnOrder,0))
    FROM Products

or we can use the COALESCE() function, like this:

    SELECT ProductName,UnitPrice*(UnitsInStock+COALESCE(UnitsOnOrder,0))
    FROM Products

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