ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972
........ "'"
'Division of Clinical Biophysics, Medical Institute, Riga PORTNOV, F.
Ivanovo-Frankovsk Medical Institute LAZAROVICH, V.G.
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Academy of Sciences USSR, Moscow
KHOLODOV, Yu.A. Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences I MERIAKRI , V. V.
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ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972

APPENDIX III

FUTURE TRENDS

1. (S/NFD) It is now apparent that the ideological stigmas attached to parapsychological phenomena have been breached in
the Soviet Union. Although serious studies of psi have been going on in the USSR since the 1920s, it has only been since 1962 that researchers such as L. Vasilev have been allowed to publish their work. In 1971, however, the open literature and the open exchange of ideas between the USSR and the West halted. During the next fifteen years it is expected that the Soviets will energetically pursue all aspects of parapsychology. With party approval and with the large soms of money allocated in the late 1960s, it is inconceivable that the work has stopped. It is believed that certain military applications have been discovered and that by 1980, the Soviets will have mastered some asp~cts of psi phenomena in order to alter hmnan behavior.


/

2. (S/NFD) The Soviets are concentrating on the development of psycho-warfare agents. One of the more recent areas appear. to lie in the development or isolation of marine toxins. The Serbsky Institute of Forensic Psychiatry in Noscow is one such
facility shown to have interest in psychotropic substances to include LSD, tranquilizers, and marine toxins. It is believed that the search for new "mindbending" agents will continue in the USSR. Close scrutiny of the literature, etc., especially in marine toxin research is imperative.

'I
·.

3. (S/NFD) Based on exhaustive searches of Soviet literature, it is now apparent that the USSR has initiated research into the behavior of insects and animals (possibly human) that is related to pheromones. The technological base is available in the USSR (and elsewhere) which could allow immediate behavioral exploitation of certain insect and animal populations. The use of certain pheromones that cause a gathering of animals to a certain location and release of their aggressive behavior would cause immediate disruption and confusion, and depending on the insect or animal, even death to military units at the focal points of infestation. It is extremely likely that given five to ten years of further research, the Soviets will have the means as well as countenneasures for the military employment of pheromones.


c. Systematic. delirious syndromes with a chronic deteriorating course, if they determine the socially dangerous co.nduct of the sick person;
d. Hypochondriac delirious conditions causing incorrect, aggressive attitudes of the sick person towards particular persons, organizations and institutions.

The morbid conditions enumerated above, tending within themselves to undoubted social danger, may occur with externally correct . ·' conduct and dissimulation. In this connection special care must be used when assessing the mental condition of such persons, so that the indications for immediate hospitalization are not stretched to fit the case, and, at the same time, the possibility of socially dangerous behavior.on the part of the mentally sick can be prevented by means of timely hospitalization. The indications for immediate hospitalization enumerated above are not
exhaustive, but are only a list of the more frequently occurring illnesses which prt'!sent a social danger.

4. Simple, although acute, alcoholic intoxication is not an indication for immediate hospitalization in a mental institution, as is not also intoxication brought about by other narcotic compounds (except serious intoxicational psychosis and psychotic variations of abstential conditions), and affective reactions of persons who are not suffering from mental illness.


10. Upon release of the sick person the psychiatric hospital informs the relatives of the sick person and the psychoneurological clinician as to where such sick persons mus.t attend for particular check-ups, if they are subject to regular prophylactic treatment.
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ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972

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The science of mass manipulation plays a major role in modern warfare - at least theoretically. In past wars, a hostile confrontation between two parties was a diplomatic duel, or a military battle which was based on and regulated, in general, by classical concepts of acceptable military conduct (e.g., international agreements on the status of POWs, unanned civilians, etc.). But this concept has changed. In modern warfare, there is a powerful third force which has, perhaps, the most decisive bearing on the outcome of any diplomatic and/or military confrontation today. This thir~ force is the manipulated mass - individuals who, by modern mass communications media, have been welded into a solid front, holding the same, or very similar, opinions. This third force conflicts with, and ultimately controls the hostile confrontation by appling its criteria rather thnn the older criteria


tions of violence.

(4) The short-term and long-term memory of public opinion (PO), in relation to events, and its engramination.

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ST-CS-01-169-72 July 1972

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F:tgu.r.o 1 (C) Ch~rt of Public Opinion ReAOnflnce
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ST-CS-01-169- 72 July 1972

APPENDIX VI

MILAN RYZL Biocummunications (Parapsychology) Scientist
I
1. (U) Doctor Milan Ryzl is an international authority on parapsychology, who has lectured widely both in the United States and in Europe. Doctor Ryzl, educated in Czechoslovakia, was a member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague and was a leading figure in the application of scientific methods to the study of parapsychology. After he arrived in the United States, he worked with Doctor J.B. Rhine at the Institute of Parapsychology in Durham, North Carolina. There Doctor Ryzl was especially noted for his original research on the influence of hypnosis on ESP.


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Contents

Preface Abstract
I. Introou::::tion to t.1.e R2search Progrem\ II. JJ1.troJ.uction to tl:e Status of Scientific
Parapsychology III. PrO;?OSCd Research Progr~'l\ .
TV. I.ri:~rediate HescarC:'1 Progra."'n
V. Results of Program Alpha Phase I VI. P:::.·ogra''i:\ .l>J.pha, Phase II , Pesearc."1 Desis,'!1 VII. Anticipated Outcorre a."'1d Furt.1-i.cr Research Ji.ppcndices

.• page b .
•. page c • page 1
• page 3 • page 11
page 17 page 19 °
. page 29
. page 34 ·.
• page i.

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\·;c nre ~»CJ ac::::...::,;tcr.i..;d to 9cttiDg infonration about t.lJ.c world d:·~·r..m.d us c.brouc:1 sc-cin9, h::;:;.r.ing, toushing, c::nd other n<:.iturc:.l or ~.:'t.i Hcial senso:::s th.:it it r.::~xc:ly occurs to us that this nny not bG tl:.:! 0:1ly way ".:o rec?iving kr:0.,·~:~dS?. When we wrmt to do so:rcthir.,g, to c:'.::rv out a!1 act:i.o::. / WG co ii:. tlu:ough our rr:u.scular system -- tl1G w:;~;-,10,- the har1d 1 t'.'1c: feet, etc. It rarely occ°l.~r::~ to u..s that p::;rscnal .:l;;i..io:-i r.oy be c~rriC::d out by c.:ny other l"•-ea:ns thc:n t.."lcso tra.'1sduccr


scic?.;-:.tific tcJ.ent fro:n the K.:>st and the r:-::.:;t, a.11:,1 1Gc:.::1ers from rti'..ny
cultul:'CS arc interested and 1:.:i.v-0 c}.·p:::-essed willingne:ss to c.'COpc;:rz;.to.
Ma.11y 17:.."!11~.x:;rs of the abo~ h:o corn,1'lttces hci.vc workc.J. directly or m=1er grant for agencies of the Unit.eel Stu.tes GovernTtent such as the J'.1:X, E;J;·i, l0~SA, etc. 2:..'1d 2re, accordins;ly, sophisticzited in prCSJT.<:..".'Tl c:i..;cc:)tio:-i, :iY.:..:1.:~gc;;:l2!1t a.;.d cliroctio;1. '.lh:: clc:r,:;,.11ts p:!:e:sent in this o;:;.e srr.JJ.l g:rnu? could 1--ccorre t.'ri.c nucleus for a !i'ajor researc:i. vc.'1icle· to uncerstznu 2.,;d rr.3}~8 use of Dill' and n:.,;1. pheno:rena.
It appc~a.:-s esse.:.1C.al. that· i11tcrestcd research.:;rs, · if 'L~cy
are to re rr.1xirr.::.lly effoctiv,3 1 r:cM ht:iVO a central clc::xing bcu.se a:K1
a c·:::.:-.tr.:i.1 o:::-erat.i.ons nucleus. Tnis v:ill rec:uirG substc1.:nti:li f i.;,;~'1cial su9~x:·)1i:. Q1ly the.11 c2J1 t.'ri.e full bc::sfits of the ccrrent. re.scarc.."'1 b2ing clo:1e i.11 t-'rJc U:i.itcd St;:;.tes, t.'1e prcposed nsw rcs;;~arch, &'1d thJ.t xing dor:.~ in va.r-ious 9a.::..-ts of tl:.c \·.'02'.'ld, t.c co::irdir,c.ted a'J.d utilized in a p!:a;.·r'....=ttic / sysl:.01:-atic, .L........,,.1.gina.tive / ca:-prehe::1sive r.-::::0...;.ra::-1 into tr~0s'.:~ .pot\1 a:r~~:::~ of 1Jr\Oerst-2-:c~.1~~g nf h1:rr.1:"1 r.Flt.l}1~~ 2..."':.C1 c~?:iliilitiGs . Captain i'iitd:1ell ho.s underLct.l;;.erl t11e .r.esp.:~·lslliilily for orsz...-iizing s-.;.c,...,. a research center.


C0""\1.1..7'-c.._~ o·~ ~-1;.2r-"'Dr ';..li:>llJ.. .).._ e J..4.- ,_\.r:.M>.Y.w" oJ

'"c:·c.0.l _ \,......- •• t!-..,.\lL,C,-..,J,,',.·.. - .. ~-- 'n . - .:_:-.>..

-

grc~t :."1CG-d for. ·-a :1C:\·.r 2~c.se21"'ci1 -ir1st.i:tu:tio:i \.,,-l1i.ch \~,~ould }:;,~ nc:'.-Clcpnrt.~c-~ta.1

i.·n.;.·a:~..~...

• -t.~.~!--cu.'"'· -~'r--..l;_:,'......J.,.."-°l'"-''l•--..,'Y."~\1J,

o-,...T...,_-..., .c...~..C~ ..,.;.,-;...J....,,.i'o'I•"•' to. J...._-_'i..;_._c,, ·P·""'!-:"'·3J..:O. .i......... ,..~...-..c;,..~_.~._...'i .-. ;•)\--•-4--"..g 1 •· •

H;;llcr has, sinc2 1954, filled m:i..11v nos ts as lecturer, .'\dvisor and CC-:i.sult2:.nt ·with· univ2rsitiGs, govc.;_:-:n.:1cnt ~qencics a'!.d private i.:d~t:cies

on a l 2.rge var.:i.et..y of subjects ra..1ging fro..-n sp:i.·::e e:9loratio~1 to r:'.arine

bioloc:-/. Ee is a rn:::..c-rber of rrore t!:u.:-1 t\·.~cr1tv sci.:ntific societies, L:~lt.1d.:Lng the I::-r'..:ei11aticnal SoGiety for ?;;::search c.:1 the P.BticJlo2:;d::ithelinl

Svstc.--::, 'llhich h:-:: fm:r.d in 1954. Dr. Eeller is c::.uthor of a. b('_,ok, Of :·:ice, 1~~·"~l... c::.-..1. -_-=__l.. •''..'D-1-C....CU,l,.n....S. 1 Z\.;..,..._..d _r._:..o·, -l!1..'1luTr'1•"•Y:> '7:., l_C-· p ,....~.)-1...;..·s..~•~e.;a. :S.C·l•C.D·"...-.J~..f'J-.C ,pc-:,-.,:.."~..~,.-.. S :~>-.I1-d-·-a-r~-.;. J:.;....-..1·-8-5 •


in tl1e field of \:.northodox h12aling.

Ni~:ol.:li Eoz-irn;v, Ph.D. I .Z\..s~-0~1hvsicist, P..::ll:ovo o:..ls8rvetto:ry, L::ni:-:g-.ca.::l;
at tE0 u.se-0Tt~. .'c1J.ty grO.du::.i.tu b1 Physics and r;'a.t.'1c:n'atics from tho L';J.ivsr-
sity of Ie:iing!.~;;:.d. Interested at an curly 2l0G in stcllu.r and solar at.;os-
phc:rcs, at h:c:.:1::y-eight Le hz-!d already \·:on. distinction a..s 2...'l. astrone::-;-cr
and l·:ac1 tt:itlg·l~t irl sc\1c~...::l. co1le.92s. lI(~! nude c1 sc~ries of l).rilliu.r.t. :~re.;.. dictio:-is nlx:n..:t i,:.l~e !·~:x>n, Venus and l·b.:rs, v:hic~1 later Soviet S?().CC. probes co:1fiJ:."7red. Dr. l\ozyrcv has r.cr.v pro;_::x:,E~'~d a startling new t..':e:ory of the ~·hich it is tl1ci-...:;ht r:-.J.y intro::1uce a breakthrough in parapsychological
research.

D:Jra VC'...1 G:.:lcJ-:::r 1:u'iiz, lx:>rn in Jav2.., Indo:i.esia, of Dutc!1 parc::nts, is t..\;.e t11ird--g:.::.."18r<.ttlo':1 ir1 '"c:t fc:.:':'.ily cnC.G.·.'ed i,dth ES?. She was educated in . Java and .::..ustralia, tru.vcllc:C. widely z:.:1d ca'1Y3 to t.11is cou.-:t...ry i."1 1926. She>1-tl~l a:!:tor t~1.:lt sl:.e !':'Y:tt~ricd a'1 f:Jr21..i.ci:.._ A gifted clairvoyr-"'1t, _for t\~.1c.r~t.~t-fiVe :lGm.·s ~~s. Ktt~z l1cts ~..~or}:cd -,vi tl..1 Dr 4 O. B·~ngtsso:1 a~d oti.~er physici.:u-;.s i..1 s"..:u:!vin~r tha a~J.2.-2.S of ::;atients to determi.n2 the source a'1d n3tt:.:.-c ,)£ t.~cir l::::z,'·sical .:..~c1 ~7etic~al prc~le;.s. .


D:!:.". Jl..lcx(1!1der Low0n with \·:ha..,1 he cstablish0d the Institute of .Bio-

D:c:::s:>tic Ar:ct.ly~;is i:-i 195.:l. Sin02 1950, he has b~cn a practi cir.g

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Ee also trains tbcra;:-.iists in Bio-Encrs;'2tics (v:or}:shOJ..;.S , lecturos, .sc:rni-

nars) , bJtl1 here a::.d abroad. Dr. PicrrZlkos is espcci;:.lly intcrcste,d in

studying the e:1e1~s.rJ field.s (or auras) of H'i.tn in heul tJ1 and dis'~<"tS·3 a--;c1

is in the process of rr01xu.-i :-ig his fir~:;t b::x:k reportfr.g 0:1 his rose>arch

i.n tlE:t area. A:m!1g his affiliatic:1s ar~ '1.hc Am2ricc;.n l\cu.cls~' of Psy.:ho-

thcr2.:)Y, the Society· for Scientific Study of Sex, ar.d. tl:e Eew York ;::;aC.:::.."Ty

of Scicri.ce •

A."':d.rija Puharich, M. D., Director of ~:0dic2l R:~search, Intelectron Co~-:x:irc:t tion, ?\3wYork-Cl.ty, receiv·::d his !·i.D. at i-.:orthwcstem thiversity H:;di.cal Sd:ool. a.rrrer1tly engag2d. ri.J.inly in c~i:;afr:ess .:md cardiov:-.scular rcse2rcl1 and a r.'Cn"C€r of 14 scientific societies, incll].:li.'J.g t.,,';e ~r.::11: Yrn:k ,'\c:::.:J.·~-:y of Scic.."1c::=s ar:.d A'rcrican .:\ssociatio::-i for the .i\.'.'lvc..'lce.:ent of S::::ie:l.ce. Dr. Pu1. 1arich has al.so had a J..0:1g ct:trcer in tl:e field of pu.ra?s~1chnlcgical re.sea:-ch. Particulu.rly int~:restcd in teJ.c;:xrth.y c..nd. the stu::J.y of e:-wiron:rcnc.al a..11d phvsiolo~rical cc::.:1i t:o::'ls related to it, t::c rcsul ts of his research h2.~:e-b8en r2po:cted in r.l:lr·2 t:·:a'I 80 ?'C.blished articles a11d his ti'.'O L--coLs, 'l11e Sc1cr2d ;.t;~shr.:.x:::·I'\ a"'l.d EevonJ 'Iti:lcDJtlw. H~ v.'a.s <Jlso Director


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process is going on, The film is rolled in the usual way and all is contained within a casette,
In Fig, 7, an extremely useful device idea is illustrated, The previous methods utilized rigid capacitor plates which do not allow one to take pictures of objects having irregular profiles, In the new method (described· in Russian patent #209968 filed in 1966 by Adnmenko and Kirlian), the device takes the shape of the body. The transparent electrode is a silicon organic film; however, many other possibilities exist. With this device, any portion of the body can be photographed directly. In fact, one could make a snug-fitting vest or garment of the material which could then be monitored photographically from a distance or displayed continuously via closed-circuit T.V.
This new method grew out of an earlier idea of Kirlian's (patent #164906 in 1963) w~ich utilized a conductive tran~parent material as part of the capacitor, to which a hinged mirror was attached, and a flexible conductive material which is laid upon the object.to be photographed, The mirror is concave and acts as a lens, enlarging the object to be studied, The mirror is apparently used for visual examination when not taking photographs. Between the object and the flexible, transparent condenser plate is placed a dielectric net, A photographic plate is placed over the front or tup of t~e conductor so that the prints were merely contact prints without focusing.


It has also been discovered that a voltage signal can be detected between two network points provided two different types o[ metals are used as electrodes. On dry skin, using plated circular electrodes of 5 to 7 mm diameter, a Ni-Ag combination yielded a potential difference of about 50 mv. At skin locations where such points are absent, the potential difference is close to zero. Likewise, between two network points, using the same electrode material (Ni-Ni or Ag-Ag, say), the potential difference is again close to zero. It is s1.1fficient to plate cu electrodes with Ni or Ag (they use chrome-Ni and chrome-Ag), Adamenko (inds that, the greater the work function difference, ~+, between the electrode materials, the greater the voltage, ~V, developed.
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They think that this is a galvanic cell effect with the channel of meridian between the two network points acting as an electrolyte (like a ~b-Zn battery). The current drawn from this battery is about 10 micro-amps; however, this current level polarizes the electrodes so they use an impedance to reduce the current level to about 2µ amps and then amplify the signal for display purposes. In cases of emotional-volitive excitation, the potential difference 6V may increase up to 100 millivolts. Using parallel connections between several network points, the voltage obtained may be as high as 0.5-1 volt and the current


.used in a PK experlment. In addition, the film may also be exposed. after the
experiment due to a residual charge of some sort on the object. We heard that Nelya K actuallycaused a frog's heart to stop (and that it then could not be started again electrically). We also learned that she can influence the heart rhythm of other people and can alter their skin condition so as to produce a
burning feeling on contact. They have found that hypnosis can be used to en-
hance PK abilities and that autogenic training was used to help increase Alla V's PK abilities. It was also stated that Nelya K cannot move objects if they are in a vacuum and that after the levitation of a small ball in air, an electrostatic charge of 5 x 10" coulombs was found on the ball.
It was not possible to obtain any specific information concerning the
- Sergeyev detector of pulsating magnetic ffelds in the vicinity of the PK object. However, it is likely to be the detection of a magnetic field using a sensing element of the barium titanate variety~ It was learned that Rlagts make gy~n b_etter d~kctors of the PK fields, ~he.1:1 el_ectrodes are applied to two a2:.£.unc.8!,re points of l:he plant ... Using 5 mm diameter electrodes of Ni and Ag, they obtain about 50 mv between two points which is amplified. During a PK experiment, current pulses occur which change from 5 mA ambient to over 100 m...A. at the ~ulse ...12..eak (see Fig. 15). They have not fully studied the distribution of field strength between the operator and object during PK and find it to be a difficult question. The field intensity does increase as one reaches the object but probably not in the radiation type mode illustrated in Fig. 16. They don't know what type of field pattern exists on the other side of the object and seem to think that


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UNCLASSIFIED

Table 5
(U) NUMBER OF ARTICLES ACCORDING TO THEORIES/MODELS SUBTOPICS

Subtopic
Math/physics Philosophy Physiology Psychology
UNCLASSIFIED

West Germany
1 7 0 0

England
)3 5 0 0

The Netherlands
4 2 0 0

Scotland
1 t4 0 1

(U)
• Conclusion: The Netherlands, West Germany, England, and Scotland are responsible for the majority of the published research in the fields that were selected for the purposes of this study.
(

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II METHODOLOGY (U)
A. (U) Article Selection Criteria
(U) The articles that were selected for this study were not subjected to any devised set of qual}tative criteria, because it was not possible (within the scope of this report) to provide in-depth1evaluations for each of 233 separate publications. A somewhat primitive screening procedure for methodological quality was achieved by reviewing only those journals that are typically refereed, or those that are generally regarded by the parapsychological community at large as publishers


a. (U) Fuzzy Set Applications in Remote Viewing Analysis (U) In FY 1987, fuzzy set mathematical techniques were applied to the
problem of remote viewing analysis. Two analytical methods were developed: the first was designed to be sensitive to the verbal content of the RV response; the second was designed to account for the visual/spatial arrangements of response elements. A definition of "ground truth," against which these new analytical techniques could be tested, was also devised.
(U) The verbal method is predicated on the application of fuzzy set mathematics to the figure of merit (FM) technology.* The method also features a new descriptor list, which was introduced to provide a richer vocabulary for analysis. The list's hierarchical structuring in levels, ranging from very abstract to very concrete, affords considerable flexibility for analytical manipulation of descriptor elements. A pilot application of the verbal analysis was shown to correlate highly with ground truth.
(U) The combination of fuzzy set technology and the new d~scriptor list also proved effective for the visual/spatial approach. The implementation of these techniques--in conjunction with a third technique known as "cluster analysis"--has resulted in an a\gorithm for the production of orthogonal target sets. This has resulted in a significantly more effective rank-order analysis procedure.


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b. (U) An Expert System Approach to Remote Viewing Analysis
(1) (U) Motivations to Explore Expert Systems
(U) The judging of RV transcripts has proven to be a difficult task for the experienced as well as the uninitiated analyst. Judging can be both analyst and viewer dependent, in that the combination of a viewer's response style and an analysts's interpretive style may enhance or hinder the analytic task. The process is, to a large extent, a subjective task that does not lend itself to a literal or procedural quantification. In an effort to render the judging more transferable, if not more uniform, we decided that, if development were feasible, an expert system to assist the analyst would prove invaluable.
(U) The ultimate task would be to develop an expert system that could ask an analyst a series of questions about a given RV transcript, arrive at a composite description of the response, and map the response to a group (possibly with only a single member) of targets within a known target pool. The system would have standard data about a numbef! of common abstract and concrete objects. Furthermore, the system would maintain a data base of the ideograms and idioms commonly used by a particular viewer and their possible/probable correspondences. By prompting the analyst for information about the concrete or unambiguous elements of a response (i.e., are there parallel lines, or are there elements labeled as structures), the system would combine the user-supplied data with data collected in previous experiments with the same viewer, to piece together composite hypotheses about the transcript. In an interactive exchange, the system would attempt to present the analyst with possible transcript interpretations of increasing complexity and/or concreteness until some kind of composite picture could be drawn.


(3) (U) Description and Classification of Sites (DACOS)
(U) The system Vallee developed for categorizing the target pool, DACOS (Description and Classification of Sites), contains 40 distinct target categories made up of specific combinations of 27 possible target attributes. The set of attributes used is broken up into six types: Water, Structures, Interfaces, Contours, Land, and Features (Figure 1).
I

Water
Present Absent
,

Structures
Absent Non-Urban Urban

Interfaces
Waterfall Island Peninsula Coastline Lake River
i
Applicable if water is present

Contours
Hilly Flat Mountainous Rugged
i

Land
Fertile Arid Dense City Open City
i
Applicable if water is absent

Features
Rocky Volcanic Snowy (Glacial) Green (Verdant) Plowed Monuments Ruins Dunes

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FIGURE 1 (U) THE ATTRIBUTE SET FOR THE DACOS SYSTEM

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(U) DACOS is a hierarchical system which' is best described by a tree, whose interior nodes each represent a decision point and whose levels each represent an attribute type. By selecting one of the possible paths at each node, one traverses the tree until a leaf node is reached, at which point a target category has been selected. As is clear by inspecting the hierarchy, it is possible to determine a target category by answering a maximum of five questions (Figures 2 and 3).


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(4) (U) Results of Testing DACOS with Actu~l Remote Viewing Data
(U) The data given to Vallee for testing consisted of 30 RV transcripts from one 1987 experiment. He then used the DACOS program to assign confidence factors to the different target categories. Overall, the DACOS performed only marginally better than chance. Out of 30 transcripts, the water attribute was correctly identified 17 times, the structures attribute 13 times, and the full target classification twice. Unfortunately, this series of remote viewings, when judged, did not show a significant RV effect, and thus proved a poor test case. Nonetheless, this exercise allowed us to evaluate the progress and direction of this work.
(5) (U) Shortcomings of DACOS
(U) The categories within the DACOS system were constructed to produce visually distinct or "orthogonal" target types. The first two attribute levels of the DACOS hierarchy, Water and Structures, are by far the most clear, simple, and symmetric; most important, they correspond to common elements of RV transcripts. Nonetheless, some of the target classifications are inappropriate for the kind of RV response data ~pically seen. Experience has shown that the visual content is the most important aspect of a target; the minute details of a target are often missed and thus should not overpower the overall descript~on of the target. For example, although several of the water targets do picture water, the water is confined to such a visually insignificant region as to be either unnoticed or ambiguous.


(U) The deeper levels of the DACOS hierarchy do not maintain the symmetric nature of the first two levels because they inherit properties from the preceding levels.
\
Furthermore, the attributes chosen for the deeper levels do not necessarily reflect the actual visual nature of the targets. The attribute Monument discriminates targets on a very high social and cognitive level; identifying a monument requires a significant amount of conceptual or functional knowledge about a particular site, and is not necessarily evident from the visual contents of a target. The attribute Non-Monuments, representing the explicit absence of
,monuments, is even more abstract and visually ambiguous. Although Vallee's hierarchy yields a
targeJ category with a maximum of five question~, the choice of attributes is not ideal for the task.
(U) Clearly, the most significant problem with the DACOS system is its strict hierarchical structure. The system, by its tree traversal method, makes each decision strictly binding; once water has been determined to be absent, the system does not have any means of reconsidering water as an attribute. Effectively, by completely isolating sub-sections of the decision tree, the DACOS system renders the attribute Hilly for Water-Absent targets to be distinct from the attribute Hilly for Water-Present targets because the categories on one side of the tree will receive credit and those on the other side will receive none. This occurs because the


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;
system does not allow for any network or global attribute semantics. Ideally, the system would not force a decision about the presence or absence of an attribute if that information is not available; rather, it would consider the data already acquired, and prompt for alternative data. Further efforts in the development of an expert system must allow for a broad and dynamic evaluation of all of the data the analyst presents.
(U) The DACOS system implicitly assumes that all the information it receives is certain. Clearly, a tool for the novice or uninitiated analyst must not expect that the analyst will be correct in 100% of his decisions. Furthermore, the system must not expect that an analyst will be able to render a meaningful decision about every possible attribute; in the absence of data about any given attribute, the analyst cannot necessarily assume that the attribute in question is in fac~ not present. For example, the particular attributes chosen for the lower levels, optimized for the minimality constraint Vallee imposed upon the system, do not best represent the elements typically contained in an RV response. The attributes Fertile, Arid, and Plowed are rarely seen; assuming that data pertaining to these three attributes cannot be cJ+scerned, eight categories are reduced to two, and the system has no way of resolving the analyst's uncertainty. As all RV response data are, by their very nature uncertain, the expert system we envision must deal with uncertainty from the very start.


(6) (U) Future Directions
(U) The NExpert® development system offers many capabilities tailored to dealing with uncertain reasoning. Unfortunately, the power of NExpert® was by no means
t
fully tapped by Valle(!'S initial effort. For this reason, we cannot make a meaningful assessment of the potential utility of an expert system approach to RV analysis. Further development should continue in this area, but the development will clearly need to focus upon the rectification of two specific shortcomings of this year's effort: (1) the integration of uncertain reasoning into the data analysis, and (2) the redefinition of an attribute set and network that allows for a more flexible and comprehensive evaluation of the response data.
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(U) implemented the first working version of PsiLine. Bibliographic information and abstracts of the major parapsychological journals from 1970 to the present were entered. During the second year, FY 1987, the main purpose was to add as much material as possible. PsiLine now contains bibliographic information and abstracts of the major parapsychological journals from 1940 to date, complete sets of some of the minor parapsychological journals and several parapsychological newsletters, over two thirds of the major English-language books on parapsychology from 1880 to date, articles on parapsychology originally published in a language other than English, and 1,000 relevant articles published in nonparapsychological journals.


possible relationship between intent to remotely influence a biological system and actual changes in the system. Three phases of the investigation were conducted, including a pilot study, an intermediate study, and a confirmation study. The first two were used to test and refine the protocol for the third and final study. As a result of these preliminary studies and further input from various experts, the confirmation study appears to have been extremely well conducted.
(U) Thirty-two subjects participated in the confirmation study. Their task was to attempt to retard the rate of hemolysis (destruction) of red blood cells that had been placed into a tube of distilled water and saline in a distant room. Each subject participated for one hour, broken into four fifteen-minute periods. Of these four periods, two were identified as control periods and two as protect periods. The experimenter measuring the rate of hemolysis was blind to this condition. During the protect periods, subjects used visualization and other intention strategies to try to protect the blood cells. During the control periods, subjects were to try to think of other matters. In one control and one protect period, eight tubes ~f blood were processed, and in the other periods two tubes were processed. Subjects were blind to this condition. It was used to attempt to ascertain whether observed effects could be attributed to causal relationships, or to intuitive data sorting. To see whether or not blood source was important, fourteen of the subjects were trying to protect their own blood, and eighteen were trying to protect that of another. Both subject and experimenter were blind as to the source of blood.


(U) One of the best novice viewers from the FY 1986 training group was used to demonstrate the capability of the system. Viewer 137 produced two sets of eight RV responses to
I(
each of 16 targets selected randomly by computer. The responses were judged' by comparing each response to the eight targets in the set and ranking the response according to the visual correspondence between the response and the eight targets. Analysis of these rankings showed that significant RV occurred in one of the two sets. We concluded that significant RV functioning could be obtained using the video disk format and propose that in coming years this device be employed in conjunction with any proposed training program. In addition to using the video disk technology as a training device, we also formulated a way of applying it to a screening and selection task (see 10bjective F, Task 7).
15. (U) Objective F, Task 3--Develop and Test RV Training Hypotheses
(U) During FY 1987, an informal group of advanced remote viewer trainees and researchers was organized to: (1) discuss variables that may affect the quality limits of RV, (2) conduct practice sessions to maintain the in-house viewers in a state of readiness for formal RV experiments, (3) provide a setting for reinfording the positive psychological set necessary for consistency of viewers' effort, and (4) develop experimental protocols designed to test hypotheses generated during discussions. This effort was exploratory in nature and it was agreed that any formal experiment proposals generated would be reviewed by the appropriate primary investigator and the SOC before any formal experimental trials were conducted.


(U) Therefore, a third approach for locating talented individuals is suggested, through the deployment of a standardized and automated procedure that would screen directly for RV abilities in a, large population. The following discussion advances some preliminary ideas as to how such a pilo,t mass screening technology might be optimally designed and deployed.

b. (U) Hardware Configuration

the following:
I

(U) Initial design considerations for mass screening hardware would include
(1) Portability, i.e., the scre~ning unit should be easily deployable in a variety of settings; it must also be durable enough to withstand frequent relocation;
(2) Efficiency, i.e., a variety of RV target materials should be rapidly accessible, in order to exercise the range of a given subject's abilities as efficiently as possible,

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(U) Analysis of the results showed evidence that the fact<;>r of productive ideation was partially related to measures of psychoenergetic function. Subjects who showed significant computer dowsing ability in the time condition of the Search/Dowsing study showed a tendency to have higher scores for productive ideation while subjects scoring significantly in the space condition showed a tendency to have lower productive ideation scores.


(U) In the pilot phase of the exploratory analytics program, we have continued to research some of the fundamental mechanisms of RV. The goal of these analytic experiments is to identify the int~rnal mental processes and other variables that enhance and/or inhibit psychic
functioning in force'd-choice RV. We used one viewer. As during FY 1986, the FY 1987
experiments have been long distance; Viewer 002 was in New York City, and the experimenters were at SRI International in Menlo Park, California.
(U) During the first half of FY 1987, we conducted a series of approximately 300 trials oftthe forced-choice format where, before declaring his response, Viewer 002 stated how he felt about his contact with the target. Spe\:ifically, for each trial, he declared one of three conditions: (1) "yes," he had contact with the target, (2) "no," he did not have contact with the target, or (3) "?," he was unsure whether or not he had contact with the target. For these trials, the viewer and an experimenter communicated by telephone. Targets were objects, Zener cards, or words or numerals written on 3" x 5" cards. The experimenter, who worked in an office with a computer, chose two possible targets and described them to the viewer. Using a random number generator (RNG), the experimenter selected one of the two possible targets for the trial,


'of the cirtuit. Now, only logic signals pass through the feedthroughs in the base plate, not the
low-le-vel, current-sensitive lines.
(2) (U) Hybrid Preamplifiers
(U) The wiring between the strip detector and the 2735B was originally coaxial cables below the base plate and twisted pair ribbon cable inside the chamber. To reduce the noise, the twisted pair was replaced by coax inside the chamber. When it became evident that the wire was not the problem but rather that connectors were making the noise, we decided
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(U) that the 2735B cards had to be placed inside the chamber. We resisted doing this initially for several reasons:
o The 2735B cards may be damaged in a high vacuum. o Overheating may occur. • The system may be contaminated through outgassing.
(U) The heart of the 2735B is four custom hybrids called HILs. We were concerned that these sealed hybrids would not work under high vacuum, but LeCroy guaranteed us that they could even be used in deep space. The HILs require 1.5 amps at -5 volts and thus produce a great deal of heat. Without convection cooling in the vacuum chamber, overheating could make long runs impossible. To solve this, we used the strip-detector mounting plate as a heat sink and mounted the 273SB cards on it backwards, with the HILs sandwiched in between the PC board and the plate. A leaf of indium foil was inserted between the HIL and the plate to provide better heat conduction. Using the mounting plate as a heat sink, we stabilized the temperature of the HILs to 50°C. Our last reservation about mounting the HILs in a vacuum was our concern for outgassing. This would lower our vacuum pressure and distort the path of the alpha particles. However, no outgassing has yet been detected.


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(U)
• Separate vacuum system and CAMAC crate/electronics by 10-20 feet. • Monitor outlying random noise channel with charge-sensitive (pulse
shape) electronics. • Retest, examine, and, if necessary, modify 2735B to increase the ECL
logic to -2 volts. • Purchase a new, microstrip detector selected for low-noise
characteristics. Price $3,000, with delivery in 3-6 months. • Slowly and carefully move detector connections on present microstrip
device to examine the noise performance of all 48 strip combinations. • Using EMI equipment and appropriate spectrum analyzers,. retest the
ambient electro-magnetic noise environment.
(1) (U) Detector Instrumentation
(U) During FY 1986, all necessary detector apparatus was specified and purchased, or was fabricated. During the first half of FY 1987, this equipment wa! tested for use in the proposed RA experiment and modified or improved where necessary. The radioactive source has been verified using a separate detector system, and was found to be in the r~nge of ,..,, 100 counts per second, which will be adequate for the experiment. The operation of the multiple-strip detector system has also been tested using a single-channel preamplifier unit and found to be functioning properly when the system noise has been filtered by an appropriate amplifier time constant. Prmcipal difficulties encountered in the pilot work with the detector centered on proper1 alignment of 48 parallel channels and suppression of electronic noise pickup from the environmen~. The first problem was solved by careful checking and rerouting all wires, vacuum feedthrough connectors, and computer register inputs. Noise interference has been suppressed by several techniques, including identifying and removing ground loops, establishing a substantial ground plane next to the detector, supplying a shielded connector inside the vacuum chamber, and replacing twisted pair wires with coaxial cable.


, (2) (U) Data Display
(U) With the help of an SRI Geoscience and Engineering Center specialist in real-time computer systems, the LSI 11/23 computer, the Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) interface, and data inputs have been made operational. We now are able to identify which of 48 possible detector strips have been activated, save those data, and rapidly reinitialize the system for another cycle. The information is then transmitted via the CAMAC interface to the LSI 11/23 computer, where it is stored in a memory buffer, then
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(U) shown on a video-display screen. In parallel, the pattern of activated strips for all 48 locations is printed for later inspection. At present, this process is repeated each time any detector strip has been enabled.
(3) (U) Artifactual Influences
(U) We have initiated environmental measurements of potential sources of artifact, which may influence the flight of the particles or may add extra noise to the electronics. The room in which the apparatus is located also contains a transmission electron microscope (TEM), with its attendant high-voltage power supply and typical industrial fluorescent lighting--as well as the video-display terminal and other computer equipment. Measurements of magnetic-field transients indicated a need for some shielding near the detector apparatus. This shield will served to suppress ambient electric fields. A TOPAZ power conditioner was purchased and installed to suppress or eliminate power line surges resulting from switching of other nearby apparatus such as the TEM mentioned above. The unit_..meets severe IEEE and Mil-Std specifications for noise and transient suppression, and appears to have successfully eliminated such problems.


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28. (U) Objective I, Task 1--Meta-Analysis of RNG Data Base (U) This work is being conducted under subcontract with Psychophysical Research
Laboratories (PRL) in Princeton, New Jersey. The PRL Purchase Order Contract was let August 4, 1987 with the first deliverable due at the end of the first quarter of FY 1988.
29. (U) Objective I, Task 2--Test of IDS Model with "Dynamic" Systems (U) A computer test of the Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) model has been carried
forward from the FY 1986 tasking. The primary reason for this delay was that only one out of the 100 individuals tested was able to demonstrate psychoenergetic ability during the FY 19 86 screening phase. Because the IDS model is such an important model for the program at large, we will continue to screen for talented participants.
(U) A modification to the computer program was made in order to provide information about the details of the button-press timing. Because of the nature of pseudorandom number generators, adjacent seeds do not produce nearly identi~l sequences. Thus, the remarkable 1-ms timing reported by Radin and May3 appears to be a methodological artifact. We incorporated a simple seed transformation in order to have the significant seeds be evenly spaced in time. Thus, the IDS experiment is expected to yield results with regard to the model, as well as with regard to human timing ability under psychoenergetic conditions.


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to examine as regards experimental design, including choice and application of data analysis techniques.
Training and screening
As regards experimental RV subjects, I feel a need to be convinced that there is no training effect possible with known adepts. At least with respect to quality of RV responses, I have been exposed to information claiming that enhanced quality of RV responses due to specific physiological training techniques was possible; don't know if the claim is true or not, but I find it conceivable that an induced change in brain state such that a higher percentage of the subject's time can be spent at his/her cortical tone rest frequency (read alpha frequency) under alert, rest conditions would contribute to improved performance. The brief question I raised at the symposium regarding this issue was not really answered or discussed due to the press of time.
On another tack, I believe I remember commentary at the symposium to the effect that to date no personality screening techniques were able to separate RV adepts from non-adepts. My follow-on question to this, given Ed's proposal of time-independence for RV phenomena, is whether PAS or some ~ther test(s} might separate those adepts who are good at precognitive RV from those who are not? If there is a separation, this raises other questions that may impact the experimental design, how the ERP data is taken, and analysis.


ELF and the brain state panorama
Perhaps a physiological screening technique for adepts is possible based on their normal EEG "alpha" rest frequency. The suggestion is that there may be a useful correlation between rest frequency and RV ability (as there may be between EEG res~ frequency and EM sensitivity), based in part on some of my other endeavors with which you are familiar. As I mentioned to you at one our breaks, some attention still needs to be paid to the tenability of an ELF hypothesis despite negative glib arguments to the contrary. The Schumann ELF resonances yield a continuous, uniform field operating in a transverse magnetic mode that does not attenuate as the inverse square of distance. It is at least coincidence that the brain is upset sensitive to H-component frequencies outside the first Schumann resonance frequency regime, and will try to decode ELF frequencies or modulations that look like the brain's own sign~lin'g system. Conventional shielded rooms should improve performance for remote viewers inside them, as the rJoms will diminish EM noise with which the brain may have to contend, but the rooms do nothing to block ELF. RV performed in a specially shielded MEG room may be a tougher test but an H- component attenuation of 2000 at 10 Hz (such as the room at LANL) still may not block RV even on an ELF hypothesis. Further, an ELF hypothesis for RV can be envisioned that does not entail sending/receiving information with a hliman as its point source and thereby the usual inverse square problem (not to mention power generation and antenna length), but rather coding/decoding by the brain on/from an already continuously existing, uniform field ELF carrier containing information. In addition, known brain architecture reveals millions or tens of millions of potential simultaneous information processing channels rather than a single channel operating under Shannon bit information constraints appropriate to a single ELF input channel. With regard to timing, since we're


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dealing with Maxwell's equations, I have no a priori difficulty contemplating advanced potential solutions as part of this information transmission possibility, thereby leading into the precognitive realm or what may be called advanced time (AT) solutions. In fact, the paper by Nelson, Jahn, and Dunne given to us by Ed at the end of the symposium has in it a time event density plot that looks suspiciously as though it might be gaussian if the number of events on an ordinate scale were plotted along the same time axis. The number of events appear to fall off sharply in either direction at about three days but there would still be a small finite probability at longer times in either direction. I suspect such a plot could afford some interesting discussion with respect to Maxwell's theory.
Neuro team member(s)
Some commentary was made regarding having a neurologist aboard as a team member. Most neurologists are trained intensively to look for si.gns of human pathology and may not be expert in the neurology of the normal, so one would want to be sure of their motivation and expertise as a team member oriented to look at human potential, and perhaps new neurological phenomena. In any case, it would be most desirable if a new person is added that besides the requisite background he/she be thoroughly fascinated with brain states artd coding phenomena in the brain, for I think that it is from those issues that the break will come.


Miscellaneous comments on RV and PK
For RV at t • +O; O, or -0 a .known event either existed, exists now or will exist as arranged by some action. The issue is therefore acc.ess to an information "channel". If there is a possibility in PK that there is no human instituted action but rather an adept is proficient at picking out anomalies in real, past, O!J." advanced time then we are also left with the issue of information "chailll:el" access, as in RV. In both cases, the EEG experimental design could encompass multiple instances of time-locked events to produce ERP experiments, and time-averaging procedures to extract the signal from the background activities. From just an on-going EEG record of subjects in an experimental situation nothing of any critical significance should be expected to be extracted since the signal being looked for is totally masked by myriad other processing activities. Given a time-locked approach, analysis is suggeste? for times prior to time zero as well as subsequent to time zero, as will be remembered from my comments at the blackboard. To produce multiple instances of time-locked events of PK~ I suggest something akin to the ping-pong ball normal distribution experiment. In this case, time-average those events to the right and left as independent groups, and in the ERP analyses look for significant differences etc.


As we discussed in Menlo Park, the magnetic shielded r~om could be of use for measuring the influence of very low frequency magnetic fields on subjects. We can do this in a variety of ways which could involve repeating of some of your standard RV experiments inside the room, repeating the EEG experiment you did inside the shielded room or looking at the influence of the room on some evoked response studies such· as I will suggest below. Obviously suqh experiments will need to be done at Los Alamos or some other shielded room. (Actually, there is some sort of room at Stanford used for magnetotelluric studies but it is primarily a DC shielded room using iron instead of mu-metal).
A second category of experiments involves the use of evoked responses (ER) for measuring time locked responses. Again, many of these were discussed at the Menlo Park meeting. However, to summarize the discussions as I see them, I would like to make the followipg comments. Th~ RV experiments could be timed locked to the prompt word or some 9ther type of stimulus. These experiments should be first done with EEG to look for effects and then could be done with MEG to localize physiological features if the EEg results are positive. A more definitive experiment along these lines would be the light or auditory experiment using stimuli from other rooms and time locking the recording of ER's to stimuli presentation. The original stimuli should be local so that the ER's could be examined for their patterns for each subject and the subject would know what the stimuli were. Again these could be done first with EEG although the MEG setup is directly applicable. The EEG could be done at SRI, Los Alamos or another contractor. There are many variations of these experiments which could be examined if they are of interest. Again the effect of the shielded room would be interesting.


Dr. Edwin C. May Cognitive Sciences Program Geoscience and Engineering Center SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025

Dear Ed:

I'm writing to thank you and Peter and your colleagues for introducing me to a most interesting field and· including me among a fascinating group of participants--and for your warm hospitality. I'm writing also to summarize my thoughts regarding the problems of the present state of dev~lopment of your program and a few recommendations for future research.

First, some general comments:

0 The "science" of the present efforts at SRI International is a welcome finding in a field overloaded with interesting anecdotes and poorly-designed experiments--and apparently some fraud. Your background as a well-trained broadly-experienced and accomplished physical scientist lends great credibility to the work. l liked your open, honest presentation style.

0 It's an etiormously difficulty field to study well and your interest in moving more deeply into the "basic science" aspects of the phenomena and observations is welcome. My intuition tells me that there won't be much found by physiological research studies the first time around--but the success record of my intuition isn't very good in fields I know little about. Yet, even if that turns out to be true, it should not disuade you from carrying out a 'series of carefully-designed and conducted studies using the best methodologies and techndlogies available. You may get interesting and perhaps useful results. You may get some leads that will direct future research efforts that will be successful. And/or you will bring into the field a corps of first-class scientists and graduate students who, over time, may or will come up with answer This last isn't a trivial outcome.


0 1 I realize there have been some studies of primitive organizisms (algae) and even cells, but iurther studies at these levels of complexity might be productive. For example, a colleague of mine at Michigan State University in the Department of Pediatrics (Dr. James Trosko) is very successful in studying cell--cell communication. It would be useful to know if such systems could be perturbed.
0 I agree with you that a high priority ought to be assigned to the discovery of means to screen larger groups to uncover people with high performance capabilities.
Finally, it might be time or organize and carry out a two-four day "idea session", bringing together very creative scientists from a variety of fields who can be stimulated to elicit new and promising approaches to
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address your problems. These sessions ·are difficult to pull off. Such groups must be brought together by one or two very well respected scientists who can recruit other top flight scientists from many fields. They must be introduced to the fields sufficiently, comprehensivel~ to give them a pretty good understanding of the issues. And, the discussions must be structured to prevent them from being unfocused and nonproductive. Kindling creativity and focusing it into certain directions using brillian4 independent scientists is an awesome challenge--but it is doable sometimes.


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Final Report- -Objective 0, Task 1
"'

December 1986

A SUGGESTED REMOTE VIEWING TRAINING PROc;EDURE {U)

By: G. SCOTT HUBBARD
SRI International
Prepared for:

GARY 0. LANGFORD Consultants International

•
333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A. (415) 326-6200 Cable: SRI INTL MPK
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ABSTRACT (U)
)
(U) In FY 1986, SRI International awarded a subcontract to Consultants International (CI). The purpose of that subcontract was to assemble a detailed report, by an expert viewer, of the subjective experiences associated with remote viewing (RV). The goal of Cl's report was to suggest procedures that might evolve into a testable training method. This rdport from SRI contains, in abbreviated form, the basic principles and techniques that CI has proposed. For the purpose of testing these ideas, two key concepts have emerged. These two concepts are that (1) a perceptual "window" or "channel" to RV data may be briefly opened on demand through proper application of a stimulus-response type technique, and (2) once ) access to the target has been established, correct impressions are fleeting, vague, and generally indistinct. This information is captured as "bits" of data which may have' a symbolic character. In FY 1986, SRI began a Novice RV Training program, using nine individuals selected by psychological profiling and the two concepts outlined above.


Objectify (data recording)

•Quickly write down the first impression using an appropriate b_it symbol.
..-Recall that correct data wilfappear va~e and indistinct.
Immediately take a brief break of 10 to 30 seconds following a response.
If any impressions appear vivid or distinct, record and circle them. Such

information is known as Interpretive Overlay (IO). It is almost always

incorrect and is discarded.

-

In 1110_/
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Qualify (data interpretation)

Repeat all the above steps until the target is described in deta.iI.
As each impression is received, describe the target in terms of texture, furiction, color, age, motion, etc.
When the description appears complete end the session by receiving information about the actual target (~eedback).

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III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (U)
(U) Whether the percipient is a novice, advanced or expert viewer the foregoing procedure applies. With rare notable exceptions, CI asserts that correct descriptions of targets are always built out of much smaller data bits that are gradually assembled into a whole.• As the viewer progresses from novice to expert, the amount of time spent on the various steps of the procedure changes. For example, an expert should find access routine and focus the most attention on details of form and function. A detailed discussion of the division of effort as a function of expertise may be found in Appendix A.


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BACKGROUND
! Foremost in any discussion of remote viewing are the results typically achieved.
I
Resprnses of ne~~-photographic quality and with much non~s~~l-~-~~ail of remote targets al,'.'e
prod+ced about e~°.._30% of the time by the more experienced (expert) remote ,viewers.
The 9bjective of this training methodology is to enhance an individual's innate capability to prodti1ce high-quality renderings and information. Figures A-1 through A~4 show examples of RV r¢sults that led to the current method. These examples show the evolution in quality from novic:e to advanced through expert levels. Although there are many analytical tools that cah assis( an analyst in "scoring" the match between the target and a viewer's rendering, the read~r may determine the relative quality of the remote viewings by visual inspection.
'
'
IThe term "target" can include almost anything imaginable, e.g.: objects, events, people, place~, or functions, etc. Targets are identified by an agreement between the remote viewer and tPe monitor at the time of the, viewing. Targets are strictly defined by their property of uniq~eness. Uniqueness is any characteristic that separates the target from all other potential targets. Examples of unique characteristics range from designating as a target a single


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STIMULUS
..---+

RV DATA ACCESS
LEVEL OF _ / BACKGROUND
# NOISE

SIGNAL INTENSITY

I .. DATA

0 5 10 TIME
FIGURE A-8 RV DATA ACCESS ON DEMAND THROUGH NOISE REDUCTION
• Breaks In The Viewing Process The fundamental process of RV embodies a method that reduces overlay and isolates the impressions relate_d to the ta_rget. Two techniques are used to accomplish this goal. Immediately on perceiving the first impression, the viewer records it on paper with the aid of symbols, wdtds, and drawings. After recording the impression, the viewer takes a break from the task by mentally and physically stopping all activity associated with the RV. While the process of objectifying the first impressions serves to curtail additional thoughts concerning the target, the break effectively terminates the first step in the process. The break can be brief (a few seconds) or extended (several minutes). The second, third and later impressions are suppressed if not eliminated a good portion of the time. In those instances where they occur, the same procedure is followed as with the first impressions. The viewer records all the impressions he perceives, then takes a break. Breaks taken after experiencing a vivid feeling are several minutes in duration, so that any IO is eliminated as completely as possible from the viewer's consciousness.


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UNCLASSIFIED
REMOTE VIEWING METHODOLOGY
Access
l. Write down anything that you are thinking or about which you are concerned. Objectify your emotional and physical state. throw this 1 paper away.
2. On an unmarked piece of paper indicate your name and the current date and time.
;3. Relax your physical and mental being. Clear our mind of any thoughts that remain after completing Step 1. Time spent on Steps 1, 2 and 3 is preparatory to good performance. Take your time.
~. Write down the task (e.g., as described by a monitor). 5, Relax again, making sure that you are not thinking consciou~ly about
anything. 6. When your are satisfied that you have completed Step 5, put your
writing instrument to the now labeled paper, thereby indicating your readiness (e.g., to the monitor) . 7. At the moment you touch your writing instrument to your paper, the target access word (e.g., TARGE1) should be spoken (e.g., by a monitor; or the viewer if the session is to be self-monitored). ~. Freeze your first impression immediately following the target access work _.in your memory. If you are not immediately struck with a feeling, then either lay down your writing instrument, or indicate your readiness to respond again by repeating Step 7. If you get a bit and a reasonably descriptive aspect about it from the feeling you should consider this information as correct. If you then get another (different) bit after the first, it is likely that the description of the previous bit is correct. It is only when tht~ same bit repeats that you have to be more careful.


I
only sljghtly increases the performance. Responding strongly and positively to a phenomenal

succes$ by the novice has higher significance (more importance) and greatly improves the

overall! performance of the novice. Experienced remote viewers perform rather independently

with r~gards to the significance of the reinforcement. However there is one exception:

Repeti~ion of the same type of targets, or of the same task over a prolonged period of time

· can le~d to a degrading of the functioning with resultant loss of performance. It is desirable to
!
provid~ the novices with a variety of targets and to introduce new concepts according to the

schedu;Je discussed.

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HIGH

t
RATE OF IMPROVEMENT

I

LOW
) LOW HIGH
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STRENGTH OF POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT FIGURE B-6 NOVICE TRAINING--IMPROVEMENT THROUGH
INSTRUCTIONAL REINFORCEMENT
As indicated above, it has been the practice for the remote viewers to be expressly congratulated for highly successful results. It is very helpful in teaching RV to always stop the session for .the day when the result desired from the novice has been achieved. Always stopping on a "win" seems to tell the novice that they have performed as expected, and they should internalize this "win" experience so they can repeat the success.


 Parapsychology, Vol. 40, Number 1, 34-45, 1976.
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Subject: AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE REMOTE VIEWING QUALITY USING HYPNOSIS
Title: AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE REMOTE VIEWING QUALITY USING HYPNOSIS
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Final Report-Task 6.0.6 Covering Period 1 October 1988 to September 19 89

October 19 89

AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE REMOTE VIEWING QUALITY USING HYPNOSIS
Prepared By: Nevin D. Lantz
Prepared for: Contractmg Ofhcer's Technical Representative SRI Project 1291

Approved by:
MURRAY J. BARON, Director Geosclence and Engineering Center

333 Ravenswood Ave. • Menlo Park, CA 94025
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ABSTRACT
This report details a 3-year effort to improve remote viewing (RV) quality utilizing a hypnotic trance to increase the amount of target-related data produced by a remote viewer. Two separate protocols where used. In the first, all RV data were obtained in the waking state. A session consisted of two RVs against the same target. The first of these was conducted in accordance with SRl's normal protocol. The second, however, occurred after a treatment period. During this period, the viewer was either hypnotized or given written material to proofread. In the hypnosis condition, the viewer was instructed to recall the first RV and supply additional details posthynotically. A strong improvement was seen for a single viewer during a pilot study. This result did not replicate in a formal study using two other viewers. In the second protocol, RV data was collected while the viewers remained in trance. No statistical improvement over preestablished baselines were observed. In summary, hypnosis does not seem to be a productive way to enhance remote viewing quality.


Protocol 1 involved two RVs with a hypnosis or proofreading condition between them. The conditions were counterbalanced with an unequal number so that the viewer and monitor were always blind to which condition-hypnosis or proofreading-would follow the first viewing. After synchronizing watches with an assistant, the RV monitor and viewer were sequestered in an RV laboratory. In another part of the building, the assistant selected a target envelope and placed it on a table in an empty office (see Section 11.C). RV1 was conducted and the response was copied and stored for safekeeping. The hypnotist then entered the RV room and either proceeded with the hypnosis session or presented the viewer with a printed manuscript for proofreading. After 30 minutes, the hypnotist left the room and a second RV was produced (see Figure 1).
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In the hypnosis condition, the hypnotist guided the viewer into a trance and when a previously agreed-upon trance depth and confidence level were achieved, the viewer was given suggestions to relive the experience of the just-completed viewing and to recall and remember posthypnotically all target-related information. The trance was then terminated and the hypnotist left the room.


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III RESULTS
A. HypnotizabiHty Scales The novice viewer (330) scored a 12 on Form A of the SHSS. He was then given Form C, a
more difficult scale, to test the limits of his hypnotizability. He scored an 8 on this 12-point scale by failing auditory, visual, and olfactory hallucinations as well as the amnesia item. This score placed him in the high general level of hypnotic responsiveness, with a centile equivalent of 81. The hypnotist also noted difficulty establishing rapport with this viewer because of analytical, agnostic, and preestablished beliefs regarding the reality of hypnotic processes. Despite this difficulty, the viewer was able to show profound relaxation, detailed visual imagery (though bound to reality), effected motor functioning, and demonstrated amnesia.
The moderately experienced viewers (454, 137) produced scores of 10 and 7, respectively (92 and 71 centile equivalents), on the 12-point SHSS: Form C. Viewer 454 was not able to alter his perception of ammonia or produce a negative visual hallucination, but showed high imaginal ability in all sensory fields, produced a deep state of relaxation, was able to regress, performed posthypnotic suggestions, and demonstrated amnesia, hypermnesia, and posthypnotic automatic writing. Viewer 137 produced a deep state of relaxation, showed ability to regress and to be absorbed in imagery, performed posthypnotic suggestions, and showed amnesia. This viewer showed difficulty altering sensory phenomena, and did not demonstrate hypermnesia, trance logic, or the ability for cognitive and role distortion. Again, for this viewer, imaginal ability was highly rated with the ability to create, manipulate, and experience imagery in all sensory fields.


Stanford further delineates seven methodological problems that hamper interpretation of the studies in Schechter's1 review; (1) tremendous heterogeneity across studies as to the nature of the induction itself, (2) individual differences in the skills needed to manifest hypnotic effects, which were not measured, (3) use of same subjects designs, which can cause a variety of problems (e.g. possible motivation to lower scores in the control condition), (4) failure to make random assignments to induction and control groups in cases where the induction-control manipulation was applied to separate groups, (5) the experimenter who administered the ESP task not being blind to the condition, (6) lack of measurement of the degree of shift in internal state from waking to trance, and (7) little systematic work examining specific hypotheses concerning why hypnosis should work.
Before beginning this research, we assumed along with previous researchers in the field that hypnosis was a unitary process that could be applied in a standardized way to the problem at hand. We have learned that this assumption is incorrect. Our experience and the expanding body of hypnosis and psi literature suggest that the coupling of hypnosis and psi tasks involves an extremely complicated operation with the potential for multiple interactions when different viewers, experimenters, hypnotists, and hypnotic techniques are used. Though our studies addressed some of the methodological problems noted by Stanford, the number of viewers involved was too small to


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statistically account for all the variance. However, several speculative conclusions, pointing to directions for further work, can be addressed.
In the RVs conducted while the viewer was in trance, it is highly likely that the trance state itself was not conducive to the kind of production our particular RV protocol requires (i.e., drawing and writing), thus producing a trance-task interaction. If one assumes that learning occurred and the viewers became better at entering and maintaining the trance state as the study progressed, this could explain why performance worsened over the course of the 16 trials.
In the case of hypnotic recall of a previous RV, though the promising results of the pilot study were not repeated in the subsequent experiments, factors related to hypnotist-viewerhypnotizability interactions are relevant. Viewer 330 continued to have difficulty following the suggestions of the hypnotist, and a sort of competitive rapport developed between them that worked against a positive result. Viewer 137. simply may not have been hypnotically susceptible enough to produce the dramatic shift necessary for enhanced productiveness. Viewer 454 was also skilled in the use of self hypnosis, which may have contributed something to the positive result.


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so-called "healing by laying on of hands." An electric field was detected between the patient and the "healer" [Kirlian, 1966], but one cannot successfully product the same subjective sensations (the subjective sensation of heat, etc.) by means of a "technical" electric field as those which are experienced by the patient under the "laying on of hands."
If a specific field inherent solely in living organisms, then a corresponding form of energy must also exist. But psychic or biological energy cannot be reduced to other forms of energy, just as electrical energy cannot be reduced to mechanical energy. As numerous experimental data demonstrate, psychic energy .may be manifested via electric and magnetic fields, heat, or mechanical motion. Therefore, it makes sense to use electrical energy, electromechanical energy and other equivalents to estimate the magnitude of psychic energy.
An approximate scheme for the interaction of a psychic field and matter may have the following form: display RV 22A. One may draw a certain analogy between the laws of electromagnetic and psychic fields. Probably, just as an electric field, a~ field must have sources (man); the analog of induction may be suggestion, and the analog of self-induction may be selfsuggestion. Just as in Ohm's law, psychic tension must be proportional to psychic resistance. From this point of view, the brain (and, in general, a living cell) is conveniently treated as a transformer of ~-field energy into other forms of energy and back again.


As an example, let us consider the results of three experiments: electrical

telekinesis, electrical properties of acupuncture points, the Kirlian effect.

Electrical telekinesis. The tested subjects induced a charge in a dielectric

cube having an edge 0.5 m long and moved various objects weighing 10 to 100 g

along its surface. A successful performance of the experiment requires not only

the presence of a charge on the surface of the dielectric cube and the preserva-

tion of it for a specified time, but also a corresponding distribution of the

electrostatic field. In a plane capacitor the field is concentrated between

the plates, and therefore no

motor forces are manifested at the outer

side of the plates. The electrostatic field of the charged plane has an

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approximately identical intensity on both sides. If some small object is placed on the charged dielectric surface, then one may cause its movement by means of electrostatic forces. As a rule, the charge on the object is negative, but this charge cannot compensate the charge of the entire dielectric because, as is well-known, the electrons and ions cannot move along its surface. Consequently, Coulomb attraction forces will act between the object and that region of the dielectric where the positive electric charges have concentrated. If these forces are larger than the friction force that restrains the object, it will move from its place. But usually the friction force is greater, and the object is in a state of unstable equilibrium. If a person brings his hand close to the object from the direction opposite to the direction in which the electrostati.c attractive forces between the object and the positive charges on the dielectric surface act, then electrostatic repulsion forces develop between the person's hand and the object (the person is charged negatively). These additional repulsion forces may cause movement of the object if the charge of the electrified surface is sufficiently great. However, if the charge is not very great, then the object begins to move 'only as a result of a willed tension of the hand muscles (or the muscles of some other part of the body) of a trained tested subject. The appearance of an additional electric field as a result of an emotionally willed tension evidently confirms the validity of the second part of the law of bioelectric induction. It may be noted that the functioning of this simple device for moving objects by a human subject recalls the operation of a Geiger counter which records small amounts of energy transported by individual particles. Actually, an electric field of high intensity is created in


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the working volume of a Geiger counter. A particle entering the volume produces additional ionization, as a consequence of which an electrical discharge occurs. In the device described above the role of the particle is played by the additional energy which is generated by the person and causes movement of the object.
When objects are moved by a subject, the force of sliding friction sometimes decreases so much that the objects, as it were, "swim" in the air. The cause of this probably resides in the following: In the absence of an electric field the air molecules have six degrees of freedom, while in a strong electric field they are polarized; as a consequence of the polarization the number of degrees of freedom decreases to two, and if the field is uniform, then the aerostatic.pressure of the directed stream of molecules is compensated by the pressure of the opposite stream; however, if the field is nonuniform, then the pressure of the air molecules in one direction will be greater than in the other (i.e., an "electrical" wind will develop) and the objects will lose their weight; this effect may be interpreted formally as an increase in air density, the pseudodensity of the air medium becoming greater as the nonuniformity of the field increases.


For a correct performance of experiment on electrical telekinesis, one requires identical physical conditions. It is precisely for such a setup for the experiments that it was discovered that the psychophysiological state of the tested subjects has a considerably stronger effect on the success of the.experiment than, for example, atmospheric conditions do. Under hypnosis the capabilities of those subjects which are susceptible to hypnosis improve.
An investigation of the psychic component of telekinesis demonstrated that the phenomenon is amenable to training. At the beginning of the training
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• process the subjects usually are charged up by rubbing their hands against the surface of a dielectric cube. Gradually, the subjects become used to working without such charging up. The development of abilities for telekinesis is facilitated by psychic stimulation. In a very good psychophysiological state there is no need at all to create additional charges on the surface of a cube by friction, since the dielectric surface accumulates energy generated by the subject. After psychic training over a period of several months, certain subjects induced a charge in the cube that was so great that any person coming along after they had worked with the cube could move objects on it without contact. The ~mpression was created that the subjects were transferring their ability to perform telekinesis to other people for a short time. Actually, during the work with the object an accumulation of energy in the dielectric cube takes place solely due to the trained subject. As a rule, when other persons move the objects, they discharge the dielectric which has undergone preliminary charging by the subject, and thus they are really using his energy which has accumulated in the cube. A rough calculation of the energy expenditures that accompany telekinesis shows that an electrostatic field energy of E2/s~ is insufficient to move objects of a specified weight. Under stimulation by success (biological feedback) the magnitude of the charge induced by the subject increases, but the difference between the overall energy generated by the subject and the electrostatic field energy likewise increases.


In training subjects to develop their capabilities for performing telekinesis, an electronic amplifier with a steep characteristic and a meter at the output was used. The subjects, which had the active points on their skin connected to electrodes that were in turn connected to an electronic amplifier, caused the movement of the pointer on the meter by means of an effort of will. Thus, control of the field during telekinesis may be accomplished not only by moving the hand of the subject in space, but also as a result of a directional change in the conductivity of the skin at the active points. In a special series of experiments the hands of the subjects were kept motionless and near an object lying on a charged dielectric surface. The subjects caused the object to move by means of a volitional effort.
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The Kirlian effect. Obtaining images in the field of a high frequency discharge is based on the phenomenon of autoelectronic emission [6]. Different sectors of a person's skin, which have been photographed in a field of high frequency currents, register an explicit dependence of the structure and color of the images on the psychic state of the person. Such results are obtained best when live objects are situtated in a high frequency electric field of very high intensity. But, as is well-known, the current due to the cold emission of electrons increases according to an exponential law, and this provides the basis for assuming that even in the case given the change in the structure and color of the images is associated with the second part of the law of bioelectric induction. In order to check this proposition the following test was performed: A unipolar pulse generator designed by engineer V. Vontorevich was used to obtain high frequency images of inorganic objects and plant leaves without any additional electrical bias applied to the photographed object, as well as with an ·additional bias; the change in the structure of the images when an additional direct voltage was applied suggests that the dependence of the structure and color of the image on the psychic state of the person is associated with the generation of an additional field by the person; actually, it is precisely the distribution of the electric field intensity on the surface of the objects that is registered on high frequency photographs.


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One time botanists asked the inventors to photograph two identical looking leaves from the same plant. The images of the electrical space of the green twins turned out to be completely different. Only then did the phytopathologists discover what the secret was: not any of the leaves had been torn off the branch contaminated with microorganisms, while the other had been torn off from a healthy branch. But this is what was curious: the infection was in no way manifested externally right up until the death of the six leaves. But photographing in a field of RF currents immediately revealed the physiological "maladjustment" that were hidden from the eyes (see
photograph published on the cover of "TM" No. 9 for 1966). In the same way it was possible successfully to register the earliest stages of pathological processes in apples,tobacco, grapes. And not only in plants.
"Electrical phot9graphs 11 of sick human organs (for example, during spasms of the blood vessels) looked different than photographs of healthy organs. The nervous activity of the "subject" also makes its imprint against the firey panorama of "live sparks." The author of these lines drank a glass of wine to toast ·the flowering of science. The Kirlians, having connected me into the RF loop, immediately discovered this "act" according to the changed topographically scheme of the discharges.


The most ridiculous rumors circulated concerning the work of the Kirlians (so far no comprehensive monographs devoted to their discovery have been published). Thus, a hundred fold repeated rumor is stated that somehow the Krasnodar experimentalists have been able to photograph a mysterious luminescence (maybe even a sign of holiness--a halo) that a person is suppose to emit. And then somehow late one autumn evening • • •
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• • • Three years ago late on an autumn evening a man knocked on the door of the inventors, Mr. and Mrs. Kirlian. His name was A. Kirvorotov and he was from Tbilisi; he announced that some understandable force emanated from him, and he would like to discover its secret. It turned out that Kirvorotov had discovered in himself the capacity to be a "healer." He heals by the old benevolent method of the "laying on of hands." For example, a patient comes to him and complains of a pain in the loins. Kirvorotov concentrates, goes into a trance, stretches out his hands, and approaches the patient. Another instant and the patient fearfully flinches from the "burn:" it is literally as if a hot dry compress had been applied to the loins. This unpleasant sensation does not go away after that for the whole night. Sometimes an invisible "heating pad" aids.


creases. The electrons and ions situated in the air gap tend to move toward

the photoelectrodes:" the positive ones move toward the skin of the patient

Kirlian while the negative ones move toward Kirvorotov's hands. The ion flux

"blows past" (and at the same time "heats") the sick organ and stimulates its

recovery. In a word, the same thing occurs as in the ionic "scharcot shower,"
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D'Arsondalization, and other similar methods of "electrical healing" which are used extensively in modern medicine. II
This is what may be assumed for the time being. Much is still ununderstood. It is far from clear as to whether or not the dielectric plays such an important role in the healing procedure of the "magician." After all, the "healer", regardless of the apparent "complete exposure," steadfastly insists on the "purity" of his seances. Kirlian repeatedly attempted to repeat the 11 focus" of Kirvorotov, but, alas, unsuccessfully. The action of one person on another at a distance via a field so far remains a puzzling phenomenon of nature. Recently Professor of Leningrad University, P. Pulyauv demonstrated that our body generates and, possibly, perceives an electric field (see TM," No. 12, 1968). and concerning the fact that a person senses an electromagnetic field and an ordinary magnetic field has been known for a long time. The question arises: Does not the "magician" change the information processes in the organism of the patient (who feels "heat") through the "ether"? In order to answer this and other such questions, further investigations that are carried out at a higher level are required.


Illustration Two - Sender Y. Kamenshi (left), Soviet phvsicist, and receiver K. Nikolaev, Soviet actor, with parapsychologist Edward K. Naumov (far right). 32
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SEOf.T

July 1972
4. (U} In 1967, the Soviet Maritime News reported, "Cosmonauts, when in orbit, seem to be able to communicate telepathically more easily with each other than with people on earth. A psi (short for psychic faculty) training system has been incorporated in the cosmonaut training program," but the News provided no further details. Some informal reports relayed to Ostrander and Schroeder (106) indicate that the Soviets are working on psi systems for space use, involving not just telepathy, but also precognition.

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6. (U) As 111entioned above, the Soviets seem preoccupied with
the search for the energy that carries or facilitates telepathy transmission. Is it electromagnetic or not? The search for this unknown energy has led the Soviets to Kirlian photography; named after its inventors Semyon and Valentina Kirlian. The Kirlians developed a technique of photographing with a high frequency electrical field involving a specially constructed high frequency spark generator, tuned up and down between 75,000 to 200,000 electrical oscillations per second. Their first photographs showed turquoise and reddish-yellow patterns of flares coming out of specific channels within leaves. A magnified picture of a finger showed craters of light and flares (Illustration Three). By the 1960s research on bioluminescence revealed by Kirlian photography was going on in 111any Soviet universities. Perfected techniques of photographing the play of high-frequency currents on humans, plants and animals, as well as on inaminate matter have set the Soviets on some striking discoveries about the energetical nature of man. "Bio-plasma" is a term coined by the Soviets for bioluminescent phenomenon or energy. Scientists at the Kazakh State University at Alma-ata have found that illnesses tend to show up in advance as a disordered play of flares from the "bio-plasma" long before they manifest in the physical body. According to Ostrander and Schroeder, the Soviets 1DB.Y be attempting to link Kirlian photography with computers, among other things, to


instantly analyze the spectra of colors appearing in the vari-colored
flares from the living body.
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Illustration Three - Upper photograph displays flares of energy from fingers of the left and right hand of an individual by Kirlian
photography. Lower photograph shows the fingers of three different people and how the aura of "energy" of each remains ·intact, yet interplays in long thread like fibers in the open area between them.

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8. (U) Doctor A. Podshibyakin, an electrophysiologist at the Institute of Clinical Physiology in Kiev, has folllld that by charting acupuncture points a correlation exists between the ''bio-plasma" · and changes on the surface of the sllll. At the exact moment solar flares (sun spots) occur, there are changes in the electrical potential of the skin's acupuncture points. These electrical charges are measured by a tobiscope (probably a simple wheatstone bridge device) • In some way, the "bio-plasma" of the body is sensitive to these solar explosions the instant they occur even though it takes about two days for the cosmic particles to reach the earth.


9. (U) The most significant use of Kirlian photography is in the area of psychokinesis or mind over matter (PK). Doctor Genady Sergeyev (75) of the A.A. Uktomskii Military Institute in Leningrad believes Kirlian photography may uncover the mechanism of PK. Sergeyev is a prominent mathematician for the Soviet military who works closely with an electrophysiologist from the University of Leningrad, Doctor L. Pavlova. Sergeyev has devised important mathematical and statistical methods for analyzing the EEG (107) which allowed parapsychologists to follow and depict the actions of telepathy in the brain (108). The type of work reported by Sergeyev in 1967 and 1968 is just now beginning to appear in the US efforts to understand the transmission of telepathy (109,110). Sergeyev has conducted several years of intensive lab research on the outstanding PK psychic in Leningrad, Nina Kulagina (pseudonym Nelya Mikhailova). Illustration Four is a photograph of Doctor G. Sergeyev and Illustration Five is a photograph of Mrs. Kulagina. Sergeyev registered heightened biological luminescence radiating from Kulagina's eyes during the apparent movement of objects by PK. Sergeyev postulates that the "bio-plasma" of the human body must interact with the environment to produce PK. Sergeyev emphasizes when target objects are placed in a vacuum, Kulagina is unable to move them. Barcus (111) in the United States reports some unusual occurrences during psychic photography especially of the eyes. Reportedly, Kulagina has caused the movement of a wide range of non-magnetic objects: (under strict scientific control) large crystal bowls, clock pendulums, bread,


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matches, etc. In one test, a raw egg was placed in a salt solution inside a sealed aquarium six feet away from her. Researchers report she was able to use PK to separate the yoke from the white ·of the egg. Observations by Western scientists of Mrs. Kulagina 's PK ability has been reported with verification of her authentic ability (112,113). These same Western scientists have reported that as of February 1971, they have not been able to visit or observe Mrs. Kulagina. A veil of secrecy has been placed on Sergeyev and Mrs. Kulagina for unknown reasons.
10. (U) Rather than simply observing PK, the Soviets typically turned to instrume·ntation. Mrs. Kulagina was subjected to a ':: number of physiological electronic measuring devices and tested for important body functions during her PK demonstrations. The Soviets found that at the moment an object begins to move, all of Mrs. Kulagina's body processes speed up drastically - heart, breathing, brain activity - and the electromagnetic fields around her body all begin to pulse in rhythm. Soviet researchers postulate that it was these rhythmic "vibrations" that cause objects to be attracted or repelled to her. Illustration Six shows a photographic sequence of Kulagina's PK ability.·


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M.l.A.S. BULLETIN
A COMMUNICATION FROM THE MONROE INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCES
fPR31380H
THE HEMI-SYNC PROCESS
Perhaps the most mignificant mind-brain research in recent years has been in the hemisphereic specialization. The consensus of several hundred pages and studie• generally supports the postulates of dominant lefi: brain functions (lineal, verbal, analytic) and those of the riqht brain (visual, spacial, synthesis). All concede the fact that our edu· cational syste.i.i.'\ and the fundamental values of our culture nurture hen·.;i ily auch left brain dominance.
Synchronous or simultaneous brain wave patterns in both hemispheeo (HEMI-SYNC) apparently occurs infrequently in typical human consciou1rne and then for a few aeconds at the most. Usually, activity shifts from left to right hemisphere a• the dominant area almost in a flickering mo ment accordinq to the mental task at the moment.
By definition, hemi1pheric aynchronization or coherence is a state of consciousness indicated by EEG forms in both hemispheres which an.1 simultaneously equal in amplitude and frequency. Due to the rare occux.·· ence and short duration of auch consciousness, there has been little supportivo instrumental measurement until recently. The best early stw was conducted by Elmer and Alyce Green at the Menninger Clinic, where & subject with twenty years in Zen meditative training was tested extensi~ ly. Results showed that the subject could establish at will a hemi-sync state, consistently and ovar fifteen minutes in length.